Difference between revisions of "List of British Muslim MP's and Lords; 1869—Present"
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| style="background:#000000;"| [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg.png|15px]]||British Pakistani||Afzal Khan||Manchester Gorton||2017<ref name="5 Pillars Staff (June 10th, 2017).">5 Pillars Staff (June 10th, 2017). ''[http://5pillarsuk.com/2017/06/10/who-are-the-muslim-mps/ Meet Britain’s Muslim MPs]''. 5 Pillars UK. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170722200918/http://5pillarsuk.com/2017/06/10/who-are-the-muslim-mps/ WayBackMachine Link]''. Retrieved July 22nd, 2017.</ref><ref name="The Muslim News Staff (June 9th, 2017).">The Muslim News Staff (June 9th, 2017). ''[http://muslimnews.co.uk/news/uk/exclusive-uk-muslim-mps-prominent-labour-resurgence/ Exclusive: UK: Muslim MPs prominent in Labour resurgence]''. Muslim News. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170722202321/http://muslimnews.co.uk/news/uk/exclusive-uk-muslim-mps-prominent-labour-resurgence/ WayBackMachine Link]''. Retrieved July 22nd, 2017.</ref>||{{Age in years, months and days|year=2017|month=6|day=8}} of service||I, Ongoing | | style="background:#000000;"| [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg.png|15px]]||British Pakistani||Afzal Khan||Manchester Gorton||2017<ref name="5 Pillars Staff (June 10th, 2017).">5 Pillars Staff (June 10th, 2017). ''[http://5pillarsuk.com/2017/06/10/who-are-the-muslim-mps/ Meet Britain’s Muslim MPs]''. 5 Pillars UK. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170722200918/http://5pillarsuk.com/2017/06/10/who-are-the-muslim-mps/ WayBackMachine Link]''. Retrieved July 22nd, 2017.</ref><ref name="The Muslim News Staff (June 9th, 2017).">The Muslim News Staff (June 9th, 2017). ''[http://muslimnews.co.uk/news/uk/exclusive-uk-muslim-mps-prominent-labour-resurgence/ Exclusive: UK: Muslim MPs prominent in Labour resurgence]''. Muslim News. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170722202321/http://muslimnews.co.uk/news/uk/exclusive-uk-muslim-mps-prominent-labour-resurgence/ WayBackMachine Link]''. Retrieved July 22nd, 2017.</ref>||{{Age in years, months and days|year=2017|month=6|day=8}} of service||I, Ongoing | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | style="background:#000000;"| [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg.png|15px]]||British Pakistani||Faisal Rashid||Warrington South||2017<ref name="5 Pillars Staff (June 10th, 2017)."/><ref name="The Muslim News Staff (June 9th, 2017)."/>||3 years of service||style="background:#000000;color:#8ACCFF"|I, Ended | + | | style="background:#000000;"| [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg.png|15px]]||British Pakistani||Faisal Rashid||Warrington South||2017<ref name="5 Pillars Staff (June 10th, 2017)."/><ref name="The Muslim News Staff (June 9th, 2017)."/>||3 years of service||style="background:#000000;color:#8ACCFF"|I, Ended<ref name="5Pillars DH (13th December 2019).">5Pillars DH (13th December 2019). ''[https://5pillarsuk.com/2019/12/13/record-number-of-muslim-mps-in-2019-general-election/ Record number of Muslim MPs elected in 2019 General Election]''. 5 Pillars UK. ''[https://archive.md/6OjF5 Archive.is Link]''. Retrieved October 29th, 2021.</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#000000;"| [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg.png|15px]]||British Pakistani||Mohammed Yasin||Bedford & Kempston||2017<ref name="5 Pillars Staff (June 10th, 2017)."/><ref name="The Muslim News Staff (June 9th, 2017)."/>||{{Age in years, months and days|year=2017|month=6|day=8}} of service||I, Ongoing | | style="background:#000000;"| [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg.png|15px]]||British Pakistani||Mohammed Yasin||Bedford & Kempston||2017<ref name="5 Pillars Staff (June 10th, 2017)."/><ref name="The Muslim News Staff (June 9th, 2017)."/>||{{Age in years, months and days|year=2017|month=6|day=8}} of service||I, Ongoing |
Revision as of 08:43, 29 October 2021
Demography Across England (c. 2011)
![]() A map of the United Kingdom and all counties, including Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Northern Ireland and England. Regions with large minority Muslim populations include the West Midlands (332,684), West Yorkshire (252,370), Greater Manchester (232,787), Lancashire (96,600), Leicestershire (70,536), Bedfordshire (60,532), South Yorkshire (58,350), Berkshire (56,192) and Buckinghamshire (37,694). |
According to the 2011 Census for England, there are a total of 2,660,116 Muslims spread across the entirety of the country.
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Westminster Houses
Many scholarly articles refer to Mohammad Sarwar as Britains first (known) Muslim MP, who was elected in 1997 in Govan, Glasgow, Scotland at the 1997 general election.[1] In 2001 Sarwar was re-elected, along with Khalid Mahmood,[2] who became Britain's second Muslim MP, in the Birmingham Perry Barr constituency.[2] By the 2005 general elections, the figure of Muslim MP's had doubled,[1] with Sadiq Khan (of the Tooting constituency[3]) and Shahid Malik (of the Dewsbury constituency[3]) achieving parliamentary status, along with Sarwar and Mahmood.[3] Sarwar was in his third term by now, closely followed behind by Mahmood who'd secured a second term. The 2010 general election quadrupled Muslim representation from 2001,[1] bringing the total number of Muslim MP's to eight.[1] The 2010 general election also saw the first women of Muslim (and Asian) background were first elected.[4] The three,[1] Rushanara Ali[4] (of the Bethnal Green and Bow constituency[4]), Shabana Mahmood[4] (of the Birmingham Ladywood constituency), and Yasmin Qureshi[4] (of the Bolton South East constituency), all achieved the title simultaneously. The first British Iraqi Muslim also achieved the status of MP in the same election. The majority of the Muslim MP's are however from the British Pakistani community. Jonathan Sayeed, who is of partial Indian Muslim descent,[n. 48] and George Galloway—who is said to be a convert to Islam[n. 49]—are not publicly known as Muslims and there is some confusion over whether they are Muslim. Although there is strong evidence for him being Muslim, Zahawi has never really said what religion he is.[n. 50]
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Muslims are also present in the House of Lords, which is known to have a long history stretching back to the 14th Century.[5] It was primarily England's archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors and noblemen who attended and formed the House during it's infancy.[5] By the early 15th century attendance "was on an almost entirely hereditary basis" with almost no new lords appointed in subject to entry.[5] Despite birth determining peerage, Britain's Muslim community however, can directly trace an organic heritage to this system of Lordship and hereditary peerage through Henry Stanley (also known later as Abdul Rahman), who was the 3rd Baron Stanley of Alderley, who was a convert to the Islamic faith during the Victorian era. Modern Muslim peerages however came as a result of England's turbulent history between the 16th and 20th Centuries.[5] The 18th Century was especially significant for all peers, as it was in this period when drastic changes were introduced to the way the Lords operated when England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland formed a Union based upon the Acts of Union (1707) (Scotland) and Acts of Union (Ireland) (1800).[5] However the most important reforms would come later for minorities in the 20th Century, where acts such as the Life Peerages Act (1958) and the House of Lords Act (1999), finally allowed minorities to enter the House of Lords in significant numbers.[5] In total there have been at least seventeen known Muslim Lords and Baronesses. The majority of these are of Pakistani background, but the Lords and Baronesses contains more diversity, compared to MP's.
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Members of Parliament (MP's) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Members of the House of Lords (Peers) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- Black and Blue: Minority or first elected of their ethnicity or gender.
- Pink: Female Muslims or Female of Muslim Heritage.
- LM: Resigned as MP; Successfully ran as London Mayor.
Other Representatives
Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSP's) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Welsh Assembly Members (AM's) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Members of European Parliament (MEP's) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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London Assembly Members | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- MP: Resigned as MEP; Successfully ran as MP.
Sources
Footnotes
- ^ Bedford (8,610), Central Bedfordshire (1,931), Luton (49,991)
- ^ West Berkshire (1,218), Reading (11,007), Wokingham (4,352), Bracknell Forest (1,276), Windsor and Maidenhead (5,684), Slough (32,655)
- ^ Bristol only (22,016)
- ^ South Bucks (1,665), Chiltern (2,311), Wycombe (15,022), Aylesbury Vale (6,783), Borough of Milton Keynes (11,913)
- ^ Cambridge (4,897), South Cambridgeshire (1,464), Huntingdonshire (1,865), Fenland (395), East Cambridgeshire (369), Peterborough (17,251)
- ^ Cheshire West and Chester (1,686), Cheshire East (2,438), Warrington (2,097), Halton (267)
- ^ City of London (409) only
- ^ Cornwall (855), Isles of Scilly (3)
- ^ Borough of Barrow-in-Furness (172), South Lakeland (175), Copeland (227), Allerdale (192), Eden (115), Carlisle (455)
- ^ High Peak (178), Derbyshire Dales (142), South Derbyshire (331), Erewash (258), Amber Valley (188), North East Derbyshire (268), Chesterfield (699), Bolsover (146), Derby (19,006)
- ^ Exeter (1,855), East Devon (229), Mid Devon (112), North Devon (281), Torridge (92), West Devon (90), South Hams (201), Teignbridge (231), Plymouth (2,078), Torbay (521)
- ^ Weymouth and Portland (308), West Dorset (257), North Dorset (186), Purbeck (69), East Dorset (352), Christchurch (146), Bournemouth (3,264), Poole (1,035)
- ^ County Durham (1,934), Hartlepool (689), Darlington (971), Stockton-on-Tees (4,143)
- ^ East Riding of Yorkshire (1,309), Kingston upon Hull (5,447)
- ^ Hastings (1,159), Rother (460), Wealden (566), Eastbourne (1,458), Lewes (558), Brighton & Hove (6,095)
- ^ Harlow (1,745), Epping Forest (2,377), Brentwood (649), Basildon (1,622), Castle Point (378), Rochford (296), Maldon (171), Chelmsford (2,012), Uttlesford (429), Braintree (685), Colchester (2,762), Tendring (400), Thurrock (3,164), Southend-on-Sea (3,309)
- ^ Gloucester (3,885), Tewkesbury (273), Cheltenham (1,087), Cotswold (164), Stroud (238), Forest of Dean (94), South Gloucestershire (2,176)
- ^ Manchester (79,496), Stockport (9,431), Tameside (9,705), Oldham (39,879), Rochdale (29,426), Bury (11,279), Bolton (32,385), Wigan (2,162), Salford (6,030), Trafford (12,994)
- ^ City of Westminster (40,073), Kensington and Chelsea (15,812), Hammersmith and Fulham (18,242), Wandsworth (24,746), Lambeth (21,500), Southwark (24,551), Tower Hamlets (87,696), Hackney (34,727), Islington (19,521), Camden (26,643), Brent (58,036), Ealing (53,198), Hounslow (35,666), Richmond upon Thames (6,128), Kingston upon Thames (9,474), Merton (16,262), Sutton (7,726), Croydon (29,513), Bromley (7,841), Lewisham (17,759), Greenwich (17,349), Bexley (5,645), Havering (4,829), Barking and Dagenham (25,520), Redbridge (64,999), Newham (98,456), Waltham Forest (56,541), Haringey (36,130), Enfield (52,141), Barnet (36,744), Harrow (29,881), Hillingdon (29,065)
- ^ Gosport (452), Fareham (538), Winchester (558), Havant (570), East Hampshire (421), Hart (509), Rushmoor (1,356), Basingstoke and Deane (1,464), Test Valley (671), Eastleigh (975), New Forest (485), Southampton (9,903), Portsmouth (7,162)
- ^ Herefordshire (364) only
- ^ Three Rivers (1,947), Watford (8,905), Hertsmere (2,402), Welwyn Hatfield (2,810), Broxbourne (2,287), East Hertfordshire (989), Stevenage (1,654), North Hertfordshire (1,453), St Albans (5,167), Dacorum (3,116)
- ^ Sevenoaks (600), Dartford (1,566), Gravesham (1,894), Tonbridge and Malling (750), Medway (5,169), Maidstone (1,685), Tunbridge Wells (1,241), Swale (792), Ashford (1,019), Canterbury (1,838), Shepway (796), Thanet (1,230), Dover (521)
- ^ West Lancashire (276), Chorley (1,130), South Ribble (592), Fylde (350), Preston (15,769), Wyre (305), Lancaster (1,767), Ribble Valley (425), Pendle (15,579), Burnley (8,580), Rossendale (2,613), Hyndburn (8,336), Blackpool (1,061), Blackburn with Darwen (39,817)
- ^ Charnwood (3,925), Melton (41), Harborough (423), Oadby and Wigston (3,256), Blaby (728), Hinckley and Bosworth (517), North West Leicestershire (206), Leicester (61,440)
- ^ Lincoln (902), North Kesteven (250), South Kesteven (358), South Holland (258), Boston (434), East Lindsey (366), West Lindsey (212), North Lincolnshire (3,024), North East Lincolnshire (1,332)
- ^ Liverpool (15,209), Sefton (1,189), Knowsley (435), St Helens (605), Wirral (1,809)
- ^ Norwich (2,612), South Norfolk (403), Great Yarmouth (518), Broadland (377), North Norfolk (158), King's Lynn and West Norfolk (544), Breckland (409)
- ^ Selby (95), Harrogate (573), Craven (506), Richmondshire (130), Hambleton (234), Ryedale (57), Scarborough (551), York (2,072), Redcar and Cleveland (598), Middlesbrough (9,757), Stockton-on-Tees (4,143)
- ^ South Northamptonshire (290), Northampton (8,806), Daventry (439), Wellingborough (1,232), Kettering (723), Corby (382), East Northamptonshire (232)
- ^ Northumberland only (1,018)
- ^ Rushcliffe (1,697), Broxtowe (1,636), Ashfield (375), Gedling (1,535), Newark and Sherwood (456), Mansfield (563), Bassetlaw (701), Nottingham (26,919)
- ^ Oxford (10,320), Cherwell (3,196), South Oxfordshire (710), Vale of White Horse (1,073), West Oxfordshire (435)
- ^ Rutland only (131)
- ^ Shropshire (989), Telford and Wrekin (3,019)
- ^ South Somerset (417), Taunton Deane (399), West Somerset (43), Sedgemoor (341), Mendip (270), Bath and North East Somerset (1,179), North Somerset (869)
- ^ Sheffield (42,801), Rotherham (9,614), Doncaster (4,990), Barnsley (945)
- ^ Tamworth (235), Lichfield (448), Cannock Chase (219), South Staffordshire (364), Stafford (1,151), Newcastle-under-Lyme (1,393), Staffordshire Moorlands (192), East Staffordshire (6,815), Stoke-on-Trent (14,993)
- ^ Ipswich (3,577), Suffolk Coastal (539), Waveney (388), Mid Suffolk (152), Babergh (196), St Edmundsbury (602), Forest Heath (364)
- ^ Spelthorne (1,808), Runnymede (1,556), Surrey Heath (1,607), Woking (7,323), Elmbridge (2,406), Guildford (2,713), Mole Valley (669), Epsom and Ewell (2,277), Reigate and Banstead (2,637), Tandridge (596)
- ^ Gateshead (2,096), Newcastle upon Tyne (17,561), North Tyneside (1,493), South Tyneside (2,854), Sunderland (3,650)
- ^ North Warwickshire (110), Nuneaton and Bedworth (2,895), Rugby (1,236), Stratford-on-Avon (280), Warwick (1,299)
- ^ City of Wolverhampton (9,062) Dudley (12,902), Walsall (22,146), Sandwell (25,251), City of Birmingham (234,411), Solihull (5,247), City of Coventry (23,665)
- ^ Worthing (1,348), Arun (806), Chichester (419), Horsham (673), Crawley (7,681), Mid Sussex (1,130), Adur (611)
- ^ Leeds (40,772), Wakefield (6,475), Kirklees (61,280), Calderdale (14,802), Bradford (129,041)
- ^ Wiltshire (2,074), Swindon (3,538)
- ^ Worcester (2,847), Malvern Hills (197), Wyre Forest (681), Bromsgrove (502), Redditch (2,870), Wychavon (369)
- ^ It is not clear whether or not Jonathan Sayeed even is Muslim. He chooses to identify as White, and probably does not identify himself as Muslim, at least not publicly.
- Robert Waller; Byron Criddle (7 May 2007). The Almanac of British Politics. Routledge. p. 262. ISBN 978-1-135-20676-5.
- Helen Pidd (April 26th, 2012). [1]. The Guardian. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 23rd, 2017.
- Telegraph Staff (April 26th, 2012). [2]. The Telegraph. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 23rd, 2017.
- Naveeda Khan (27 April 2012). Beyond Crisis: Re-evaluating Pakistan. Routledge. p. 348. ISBN 978-1-136-51759-4.
- Jon Stone (January 29th, 2017). [3]. The Independent. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 23rd, 2017.
- Sadok Masliyah (1996). Zahawi: A Muslim Pioneer of Women's Liberation. Middle Eastern Studies. Vol. 32, No. 3 (Jul., 1996), pp. 161-171. Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. JSTOR. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 23rd, 2017.
- Muslim MPs or MPs who are Muslim?. National Secular Society. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 23rd, 2017.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Mario Peucker; Shahram Akbarzadeh (3 April 2014). Muslim Active Citizenship in the West. Routledge. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-317-97427-7.
- ^ a b Romain Garbaye (22 July 2011). Getting Into Local Power: The Politics of Ethnic Minorities in British and French Cities. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1888–. ISBN 978-1-4443-5554-3.
- ^ a b c d e Nahid Afrose Kabir (2010). Young British Muslims: Identity, Culture, Politics and the Media. Edinburgh University Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-7486-4133-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Esra Santesso (12 September 2013). Disorientation: Muslim Identity in Contemporary Anglophone Literature. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-137-28172-2.
- ^ a b c d e f The History of the House of Lords. Parliament. House of Lords Briefing. p. 1-4. Retrieved 30th September 2014.
- ^ Bill Jones; Philip Norton (20 June 2014). Politics UK. Routledge. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-317-58103-1.
- ^ a b c Khalid Mahmood. Parliament. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p The Muslim News Staff (June 9th, 2017). Exclusive: UK: Muslim MPs prominent in Labour resurgence. Muslim News. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 22nd, 2017.
- ^ a b c Rehman Chishti MP. Parliament. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ a b c Sadiq Khan. Parliament. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ a b c d Shahid Malik. They Work For You. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ a b c Yasmin Qureshi. Parliament. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ a b c Palgrave Connect (Online service) (30 January 2014). The Politics of Ethnic Diversity in the British Isles. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 122. ISBN 978-1-137-35154-8. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "service.292014" defined multiple times with different content - ^ a b c Nadhim Zahawi MP. Parliament. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ a b c Sajid Javid. Parliament. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ a b c Shabana Mahmood. Parliament. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ^ Tasmina Ahmed-Sheikh. Parliament. Retrieved January 15th, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f UK: EXCLUSIVE: Record 13 Muslim MPs elected, 8 of them women. May 8th, 2015. Muslim News. Retrieved January 15th, 2017.
- ^ Election 2017: Key SNP politicians ousted in general election. BBC News. [WayBackMachine Link]. Retrieved July 23rd, 2017.
- ^ Rupa Huq. Parliament. Retrieved January 15th, 2017.
- ^ Tulip Siddiq. Parliament. Retrieved January 15th, 2017.
- ^ Nusrat Ghani. Parliament. Retrieved January 15th, 2017.
- ^ Naz Shah. Parliament. Retrieved January 15th, 2017.
- ^ Imran Hussain. Parliament. Retrieved January 15th, 2017.
- ^ Dr Rosena Allin-Khan MP. Parliament. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 22nd, 2017.
- ^ a b c 5 Pillars Staff (June 10th, 2017). Meet Britain’s Muslim MPs. 5 Pillars UK. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 22nd, 2017.
- ^ 5Pillars DH (13th December 2019). Record number of Muslim MPs elected in 2019 General Election. 5 Pillars UK. Archive.is Link. Retrieved October 29th, 2021.
- ^ Lord Patel of Blackburn. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ a b Karren Brady and Sir Stuart Rose among new life peers. BBC News. 8 August 2014. Rwtriwvwd 8th August 2014.
- ^ Lord Bhatia. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Lord Noon. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Baroness Afshar. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Muslim Peerages: An Unexpected History. May 15, 2013. Gilham, Jamie. Hurst Publishers. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Lord Hameed. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Lord Hameed. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Abdulkader H. Sinno (2009). Muslims in Western Politics. Indiana University Press. p. 129. ISBN 0-253-22024-6.
- ^ Baroness Uddin. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Baroness Hussein-ece. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Lord Sheikh. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Lord Ahmed. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Lord Hussain. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ A philanthropist’s passion for success. Thursday 1st August 2013. SOLANKI, SHAILESH. Eastern Eye. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ Baroness Warsi. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Lord Alli. Parliament (UK). MPs, Lords & Offices. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Former chairman of Bradford Health Authority Zahida Manzoor is made a life peer. Thursday 1st August 2013. Taboola. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ a b c Scotland's first Muslim MSP dies. BBC News. [WayBackMachine Link]. Retrieved July 23rd, 2017.
- ^ Murray Pittock (15 March 2014). The Road to Independence?: Scotland in the Balance, Revised and Expanded Second Edition. Reaktion Books. p. 177. ISBN 978-1-78023-328-4.
- ^ Hanzala Malik Former MSP, Glasgow. They Work For You. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 23rd, 2017.
- ^ a b Scotland elections. May 8th, 2011. BBC News. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 23rd, 2017.
- ^ Glasgow Pollok. BBC News. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 23rd, 2017.
- ^ a b First ethnic minority AM elected. BBC News. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 23rd, 2017.
- ^ a b Mohammad Asghar (Oscar) AM. Assembly.Wales. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 23rd, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Eren Tatari (6 June 2014). Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham, and Tower Hamlets. BRILL. p. 197. ISBN 978-90-04-27226-2.
- ^ a b c d Elham Asaad Buaras (June 27th, 2014). UKIP and Labour secure first Muslim MEPs. Muslim News. WayBackMachine Link. Retrieved July 23rd, 2017.