List of Wars in Pax Islamic History (c. 624—c. 1999)
A chronological list of battles and wars across the Islamic World and beyond, from the seventh century to the present spans at least 1,432 years of Islamic history. There have been 254 campaigns in total, averaging an outbreak of conflict every 5.64 years. Although large parts of the Muslim world are very safe from war, a few countries in the Near East, Africa and South Asia are quite vulnerable to conflict. In addition persecution of the Muslim community also currently presents a danger in lands such as India and Serbia, which are not listed as parts of battles or wars (such as the Gujurat pogrom in 2002 in India). The most peaceful period was between the eighth and tenth centuries, in the middle of the Islamic Golden Age (a cultural, intellectual, political and technologically advanced age), and the worst during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries during the White European imperial age. The Early Middle-ages (7th-10th Centuries) saw twenty-seven campaigns, the High Middle-ages (11th-13th Centuries) thirty-seven campaigns, the Late Middle-ages (14th-16th) sixty-one campaigns, and in the Contemporary Era (18th-19th Centuries) fifty-nine campaigns, with the Post-Early Modern Era (19th-20th Centuries) registering at least eighty-seven campaigns in total.
The list of battles in not fully complete and only includes additions made in Alexander Mikaberidze's "Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia"' (where for example the Siege of Silistria (1854), is not mentioned). However the number of campaigns appears accurate and are listed chronologically. Certain campaigns known elsewhere may also have names different to those remembered in Islamic history. In addition there are more than several notable battles in Islamic history that have had several important implications in relation to Islamic warfare. Some of the most famous battles have included Yarmouk, (636), Masts (655), Xeres (711), Manzikert (1071), Maritsa (1371), Nicopolis (1396), Mohacs (1526), Preveza (1538), Algiers (1541), 2nd Panipat (1556), Djerba (1560), 3rd Panipat (1761), Pollilur (1780), Gallipoli (1915), Kashmir (1947) and Chechnya (1994). Some of the most famous campaigns have consisted of the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1922) and the advent of the Crusades (1096-1272) in which the Muslims eventually triumphed. Throughout Islamic history, some notable weapons were also invented during warfare such as the torpedo, giant bombards, trebuchets, rockets and scimitars.
7th Century (55 Battles)[1] | Total Campaigns: 254 | Total Battles: 1,423 | ||||
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Muslim Campaign (624-630)
The Syrian Conquest (629-639)
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Muslim Civil Wars (632-763)
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Iraq Conquest (633-637)
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Egypt Conquest (640-642)
Persian Conquest
Egyptian-Nubian Wars
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Byzantine-Muslim Wars (645-739)
North African Conquest (647-698)
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8th-10th Century (61 Battles)[2] | ||||||
Muslim Civil Wars
Sino-Arab Conflict
Byzantine-Muslim Wars (645-739)
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Spanish Conquest (711-718)
Sindh Conquest (712-738)
French Conquest (721-732)
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Byzantine-Muslim Wars (778-902)
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Muslim War of Succession (809-811)
Rebellions (814-883)
Byzantine-Muslim Wars (778-902)
Spanish-Muslim Wars (918-939)
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Qarmatian Sack of Mecca (930)
Muslim Civil Wars (936-978)
Byzantine-Muslim Wars (961-1038)
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Hindu-Muslim Wars (989-1038)
Afghan Sucessesion (998-1041)
Spanish-Muslim Wars (981-1002)
Iranian Dynasty Wars (999-1032)
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11th Century (60 Battles)[3] | ||||||
Byzantine-Muslim Wars (961-1038)
Spanish-Muslim Wars (981-1002)
Hindu-Muslim Wars (989-1038)
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Afghan Wars of Sucessesion (998-1041)
Iranian Dynasty Wars (999-1032)
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Seljuk Wars (1037-1060))
Christian Invasion of Spain (1063-1248) |
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Georgian-Seljuk Wars (1075-1202)
First Western Crusade
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12th Century (71 Battles)[4] | ||||||
Christian Invasion of Spain (1063-1248)
Crusader-Muslim Wars (1100-1179)
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Georgian-Seljuk Wars (1075-1202)
Christian Invasion of Portugal (1139-1217)
Great Seljuk Sultanate Wars (1141-1194)
Second Western Crusade (1147-1152) |
Ghor-Ghazni Wars (1148-1151)
Crusader Invasion of Egypt (1167-1169)
Hindu-Muslim Wars (1178-1194)
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Third Western Crusade (1187-1192)
Fourth Western Crusade (1196-1204)
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13th Century (61 Battles)[5] | ||||||
Christian Invasion of Spain (1063-1248)
Georgian-Seljuk Wars (1075-1202)
Christian Invasion of Portugal (1139-1217)
Fourth Western Crusade (1196-1204)
Ghor-Khwarezm War (1205)
Ghengis Khan Invasions (1208-1223) |
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Dehli Sultanate Wars (1216-1326)
Fifth Western Crusade (1218-1221)
Georgian-Khwarezmian War (1225-1227) |
Crusader-Muslim Wars (1239-1344)
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Mongol Invasion of India (1241-1306)
Mongol Invasion of Asia Minor (1243)
Seventh Western Crusade (1249-1250)
Mongol Invasion of Islamic Caliphate (1256-1299) |
Mongol Dynastic Wars (1262-1301)
Eighth Western Crusade (1270)
Mamluk-Nubian War (1272-1275)
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14th Century (54 Battles)[6] | ||||||
Dehli Sultanate Wars (1216-1326)
Crusader-Muslim Wars (1239-1344)
Mongol Invasion of India (1241-1306)
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Mongol Dynastic Wars (1262-1301)
Byzantine-Ottoman Wars (1301-1453)
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Christian Invasion of Spain (1309-1452)
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Russian-Mongol Wars (1362-1382)
Ottoman-Balkan Wars (1363-1396)
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Cypriot-Egyptian Crusade (1365)
Timurian Conquests (1365-1402)
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15th Century (76 Battles)[7] | ||||||
Byzantine-Ottoman Wars (1301-1453)
Christian Invasion of Spain (1309-1452)
Timurian Conquests (1365-1402)
Georgian-Wara Qoyunlu War (1412)
Ottoman Civil War (1413-1481)
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Portuguese Invasion of Africa (1415-1471)
Venitian-Ottoman Wars (1416-1499)
Ottoman-Hungarian Wars (1439-1526)
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Ottoman-Hungarian Long War (1443-1444)
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Albanian-Ottoman Wars (1444-1457)
Russian-Mongol Wars (1445-1480)
Ottoman-Turkomen Wars (1472-1473)
Genoese-Ottoman War (1475) |
Moldavian-Ottoman War (1475-1476)
Transylvanian-Ottoman Wars (1479)
Ottoman-Expansion Wars (1480-1565)
Christian Invasion of Spain (1481-1492)
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Polish-Crimean Tatar Wars (1482-1506)
Russian-Volga Tatar Wars (1487-1569)
Iranian-Turkoman Wars (1488-1503)
Mughal-Uzbek Wars (1497-1512)
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16th Century (117 Battles)[8] | ||||||
Ottoman-Hungarian Wars (1439-1526)
Ottoman-Expansion Wars (1480-1565)
Polish-Crimean Tatar Wars (1482-1506)
Russian-Volga Tatar Wars (1487-1569)
Iranian-Turkoman Wars (1488-1503)
Mughal-Uzbek Wars (1497-1512)
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Mughal Dynastic War (1504-1522)
Portuguese Invasion of Arabia (1507-1521)
Iranian-Uzbek Wars (1510-1528)
Ottoman-Iranian Wars (1511-1515)
Ottoman-Mamluk War (1516-1517)
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Mughal Conquest of India (1526-1612)
Ottoman-Habsburg Wars (1527-1605)
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Ottoman-Baghdad Wars (1534)
Venitian-Ottoman Wars (1537-1539)
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Mughal Wars of Succession (1546-1581)
Georgian-Iranian Wars (1556-1569)
Safavid-Mughal Wars (1558-1653)
Venetian-Ottoman Wars (1570-1571)
Russian-Tatar Wars (1571-1572)
Moldavian Rebellion (1574)
Balkan National Wars (1575-1611)
Portuguese-Moroccan War (1578)
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Ottoman-Safavid Wars (1583-1638)
Mughal-Uzbek Wars (1588-1646)
Moroccan-Songhai Wars (1591)
Wallachian-Ottoman War (1595)
Georgian-Ottoman War (1599)
Mughal-Ahmadnagar Wars (1596-1633)
Iranian Reconquest of Kharasan (1598)
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17th Century (122 Battles)[9] | ||||||
Mughal Conquest of India (1526-1612)
Ottoman-Habsburg Wars (1527-1605)
Safavid-Mughal Wars (1558-1653)
Balkan National Wars (1575-1611)
Ottoman-Safavid Wars (1583-1638)
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Mughal-Ahmadnagar Wars (1596-1633)
Georgian-Iranian Wars (1625-1660)
Second Portuguese War in Arabia (1602-1650)
Polish-Ottoman Wars (1620-1621)
First Mughal-Sikh War (1621-163?) |
Anatolian Rebellion (1624)
Polish-Tatar Wars (1624-1644)
Ottoman-Druze War (1625)
Transylvanian-Ottoman Wars (1636)
Venitian-Ottoman Wars (1645-1695)
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Mughal Princely Wars (1658-1659)
Transylvanian Revolt (1658-1662)
Wallachian-Ottoman War (1659)
Mughal-Maratha Wars (1660-1706)
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Austro-Ottoman Wars (1663-1697)
Ottoman Conquest of Ukraine (1672-1678)
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Mughal-Deccan War (1676-1687)
Mughal-Berad Wars (1680-1705)
Franco-Barbary Wars (1682-1688)
Second Mughal-Sikh Wars (1688-1715)
Russian Invasion of Crimea (1695-1696)
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18th Century (202 Battles)[10] | ||||||
Mughal-Maratha Wars (1660-1706)
Mughal-Berad Wars (1680-1705)
Second Mughal-Sikh Wars (1688-1715)
Spanish-Algerian Wars (1704-1783)
Mughal Wars of Succession (1707-1747)
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Russian Invasion of Moldovia (1711)
Iranian-Afghan Wars (1711-1755)
Ottoman Conquest of Montenegro (1712-1768)
Austro-Ottoman War (1716-1717)
Mughal-Hyderabad War (1720-1724)
Spanish-Moroccan War (1720-1775)
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Russo-Iranian War (1723)
Dahomey Wars (1724-1727)
First Ottoman-Iranian War (1724-1731)
Franco-Barbary Wars (1728)
Mughal-Maratha Wars (1728-1763)
Second Ottoman-Iranian War (1733-1745)
Austro-Russian-Ottoman War (1736-1739)
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Iranian Conquest of India (1738-1739)
Iranian-Uzbek Wars (1740)
Ahmad Shah Wars in India (1748-1763)
Iranian Wars of Succession (1751-1781)
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Georgian-Ottoman War (1757)
Baluchi Rebellion (1758)
Mamluk Wars (1768-1775)
Russo-Ottoman War (1769-1774)
Mamluk-Ottoman War (1771-1786)
Third Ottoman-Iranian War (1775-1776) |
Russo-Ottoman War (1787-1791)
Second Iranian War of Succession (1794)
Iranian-Georgian War (1795)
Afghan Wars of Succession (1795-1834)
French Revolutionary War (1798-1801)
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19th Century (249 Battles)[11] | ||||||
Afghan Wars of Succession (1795-1834)
French Revolutionary War (1798-1801)
Tripolitan War (1803-1805)
Russo-Iranian War (1804-1827)
First Serbian Uprising (1805-1810)
Russo-Ottoman War (1807)
Russo-Ottoman War (1828-1829)
Anglo-Arab War (1809-1839) |
Ottoman-Wahabi War (1812-1813)
Afghan-Sikh War (1813-1837)
Algerine War (1815)
Corsair War (1816-1824)
Iranian-Afghan War (1818-1863)
Ottoman-Iranian Azerbaijan War (1821-1822)
Greek War of Independence (1821-1827)
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French Invasion of Algeria (1830-1844)
First Turko-Egyptian War (1831-1832)
Russian Invasion of Caucus (1831-1859)
Second Turko-Egyptian War (1839-1840)
First British-Afghan War (1839-1842)
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Ottoman-Montenegran War (1853-1862)
Anglo-Iranian War (1856-1857)
Spannish-Moroccan War (1860-1860)
Serbo-Ottoman War (1862-1862)
Afghan Wars of Succession (1865-1870)
Russian Invasion of Central Asia (1865-1881)
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Egypt War of Expansion (1872-1872)
Egyptian-Ethiopian War (1875-1876)
Serbo-Ottoman War (1876-1876)
Russo-Ottoman War (1877-1878)
Austro-Ottoman Bosnian War (1878-1878)
Second British Afghan War (1878-1880)
Afghan Civil Wars (1881-1888)
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Arabia's Egyptian Rebellion (1882-1882)
British-Sudan Wars (1883-1899)
Russo-Afghan War (1885-1885)
Sudanese-Ethiopian War (1885-1889)
Saudi-Rashidi Wars (1887-1921)
First Greco-Ottoman War (1897-1897)
French Invasion of North Africa (1899-1918)
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20th Century (295 Battles)[12] | ||||||
Saudi-Rashidi Wars (1887-1921)
French Invasion of North Africa (1899-1918)
"Mad Mullah" War
Italo-Ottoman War (1911-1912)
First Balken War (1912-1913) |
Saudi-Ottoman War (1913)
Caucasus Front World War I (1914-1918)
Mesopotamia World War I (1914-1918)
Middle East World War I (1915-1918)
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Gallipoli World War One (1915-1916)
Waziristan Campaign (1919-1920)
Saudi-Hashemite War (1919-1925)
French Occupation of Syria (1920-1920)
Iraqi Revolt (1920-1920)
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Saudi-Kuwait War (1920-1920)
Second Greco-Turkish War (1921-1922)
Afghan Reformist War (1929-1929)
Saudi-Yemeni War (1934-1934)
First Kashmir War (1947)
Arab-Israeli Sinai War (1956-1956)
Suez Crisis (1956-1956)
First Sudanese Civil War
Algeria War (1956-1959)
Second Kashmir War (1965-1965)
Dhofar Rebellion in Oman (1962-1975)
Arab-Israeli Six Day War (1967-1967)
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Yemeni Civil War (1967-1994)
Arab-Israeli Border Wars (1968)
First Indo-Pak War (1971-1971)
Arab-Israeli Yom Kippur War (1973-1973)
Turkish Liberation of Cyprus (1974-1974)
Lebanon Civil War (1976-1990)
Soviet Invasion of Afghanisation (1978-1979)
Libyan-Egyptian War
Ogaden War
Iranian Revolution (1978-1979)
Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)
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Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005)
Al-Anfal Campaign in Iraq (1986-1989)
Libyan-Chad War (1986-1987)
Mauritania-Senegal Border War (1989-1991)
First Gulf War (1991-1991)
Somali Civil War (1991-Present)
Bosnian War (1992-1996)
Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994)
Tajikistan Civil War (1992-1997)
Russo-Chechan Wars (1994-1999)
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References
References
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (31 July 2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p XXXV-XXXVI. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (31 July 2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p XXXVII-XXXIX. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (31 July 2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p XXXIX-XL. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (31 July 2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p XL-XLII. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (31 July 2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p XLII-XLIV. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (31 July 2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p XLIV-XLV. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (31 July 2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p XLV-XLVIII. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (31 July 2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p XLVII-LII. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (31 July 2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p LII-LV. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (31 July 2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p LV-LX. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (31 July 2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p LV-LXV. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze (31 July 2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p LXV-. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.